ABSTRACT
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and has been linked to the consumption of sliced mozzarella cheese. This study aimed to assess the LM transference during mechanical slicing of mozzarella cheese and its growth during refrigerated storage. Mozzarella cheese was contaminated with LM and 100 slices containing approximately 5 log CFU/slice were produced. Next, 100 slices of non-contaminated cheese were sliced using a contaminated blade (3.67log CFU/10 cm2). LM was quantified on the blade and slices right after slicing and after storage at 10 °C for 10 and 15 days. Results demonstrated that increasing counts of LM were transferred to the blade, comparing the first and the fifth slices (2.71 and 3.22log CFU/10 cm2, respectively, p ≤ 0.05), however, transference stabilized after the 50th slice (3.75 CFU/10 cm2). The blade transferred 1.69-2.66 log CFU/g of LM to different slices. At the end of the storage at 10 °C by 10 and 15 days, LM counts increased to 1.51 and 1.69 log CFU/g, respectively, indicating that LM population can increase if the cheese is stored for a long time.
Subject(s)
Cheese , Listeria monocytogenes , Colony Count, Microbial , Food MicrobiologyABSTRACT
The clinical importance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has increased steadily over the years. The presence of the blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes in the environment has been recently recognized as an important issue in the dissemination of resistance to cephalosporins. Food animals are considered important vectors for transfer of ESBL genes from the environment to humans. The objective of this study was to characterize the ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M types) that were most prevalent among 343 ceftazidime-resistant E. coli isolates (17 batches from 12 different farms) obtained from cloacal swabs of broiler chicken in southern Brazil. The blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaIMP-type, blaVIM-type, blaNDM-1, blaKPC-type, blaGES-type, blaOXA-48, and mcr-1 genes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 27 (7.9%) E. coli isolates were positive for ESBL genes as follows: 24 for blaCTX-M (23 blaCTX-M-2 Group and 1 blaCTX-M-8) and 3 for blaSHV (2 blaSHV-2a and 1 blaSHV-18). A random sample of 32 ceftazidime/cefotaxime-resistant isolates that were negative for ESBL genes were evaluated for the presence of blaCMY-2 and 24 (75%) tested positive. We detected the blaCMY-2 gene in isolates from all farms. All isolates positive for ESBL or blaCMY-2 are considered multidrug resistant (resistant to at least three antibiotic classes). Our results suggest that broiler chickens are an important reservoir of blaCMY-2 and ESBL genes, including blaSHV-2a, described for the first time in animals originating from Brazil in this study, and blaSHV-18, which has never been described in Brazil before. This fact highlights the importance of controlling the use of antibiotics in animal production to reduce environmental sources of resistance genes.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Poultry Diseases/epidemiology , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Animals , Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Brazil , Chickens , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Farms , Polymerase Chain Reaction , beta-Lactamases/geneticsABSTRACT
Foodborne diseases are a global concern. In Brazil, the most prevalent pathogen found in foodborne outbreaks is Salmonella sp. (14.4%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%), Escherichia coli (6.5%), and Bacillus cereus (3.1%). With the aim to perform a regional detailed analysis of foodborne intoxication, we analyzed 253 outbreaks' profile reports to Food Surveillance team of the General Secretariat of Health Surveillance of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, between 2003 and 2013. In contrast to what was most notified in Brazil, in Porto Alegre the main outbreak agent identified was Bacillus cereus (32.2%) and, based on the patient symptoms, most cases were linked to enterotoxin production. The majority of the outbreaks were linked to the ingestion of food containing cereals or sauces poorly kept at environment temperature during the stock or preparation. We believe that, due to the compulsory use of pasteurized eggs in our city, Salmonella sp. outbreaks are less important here.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Disease Outbreaks , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Foodborne Diseases/diagnosis , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Young AdultABSTRACT
Foodborne diseases are a global concern. In Brazil, the most prevalent pathogen found in foodborne outbreaks is Salmonella sp. (14.4%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%), Escherichia coli (6.5%), and Bacillus cereus (3.1%). With the aim to perform a regional detailed analysis of foodborne intoxication, we analyzed 253 outbreaks' profile reports to Food Surveillance team of the General Secretariat of Health Surveillance of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, between 2003 and 2013. In contrast to what was most notified in Brazil, in Porto Alegre the main outbreak agent identified was Bacillus cereus (32.2%) and, based on the patient symptoms, most cases were linked to enterotoxin production. The majority of the outbreaks were linked to the ingestion of food containing cereals or sauces poorly kept at environment temperature during the stock or preparation. We believe that, due to the compulsory use of pasteurized eggs in our city, Salmonella sp. outbreaks are less important here.
As doenças de veiculação alimentar representam um problema de ordem global. No Brasil, o patógeno mais prevalente em surtos de intoxicação alimentar é a Salmonella sp. (14,4%), seguido pelo Staphylococcus aureus (7,7%), Escherichia coli (6,5%) e Bacillus cereus (3,1%). Com o objetivo de realizar uma análise regional detalhada da intoxicação alimentar, examinamos os relatórios de 253 surtos, notificados à equipe de Vigilância de Alimentos da Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, entre 2003 e 2013. Ao contrário do que é notificado no Brasil, em Porto Alegre, identificamos como principal agente etiológico, o Bacillus cereus (32,2%) e de acordo com os sintomas dos pacientes, a maioria dos casos esteve associada à produção de enterotoxina. A maioria dos surtos foram associados à ingestão de alimentos que continham cereais ou molhos mantidos à temperatura ambiente durante o armazenamento ou preparação. O uso compulsório de ovos pasteurizados em Porto Alegre pode explicar a relativa escassez de surtos de Salmonella sp. no município.
Las enfermedades transmitidas a través de la comida son una preocupación de carácter global. En Brasil, el patógeno encontrado de forma más prevalente en los brotes de epidemias alimentarias es la Salmonella sp. (14,4%), seguida por el Staphylococcus aureus (7,7%), Escherichia coli (6,5%), y el Bacillus cereus (3,1%). Con el fin de realizar un análisis regional detallado de los brotes de infecciones alimentarias, analizamos el perfil de 253 brotes, registrados por el servicio de Vigilancia Alimentaria de la Secretaría General de Vigilancia en Salud de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, entre 2003 y 2013. En contraste con lo que fue más notificado en Brasil, en Porto Alegre el principal agente causante de brotes fue identificado como el Bacillus cereus (32.2%) y, basado en los síntomas del paciente, la mayoría de los casos estaban relacionados con la producción de la enterotoxina. Muchos de los brotes estaban relacionados con la ingesta de comida que contenía cereales o salsas mal conservadas a temperatura ambiente durante el almacenaje o la preparación. Creemos que, debido a la utilización obligatoria de huevos pasteurizados en nuestra ciudad, los brotes de Salmonella sp. son menos relevantes aquí.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Disease Outbreaks , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Foodborne Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
Foi avaliada a influência do manejo pré-abate no transporte sobre as condições de bem estar animal e condenações de bem estar animal e condenações de carcaça durante o processamento. Para tal, 16 cargas de frangos e corte foram avaliadas entre julho e agosto de 2008. Essas cargas foram escolhidas aleatoriamente durante o período do experimento, nas quais foram examinados o total de aves por carga, distância percorrida da granja até o abatedouro, temperatura ambiente durante o descarregamento, número de aves mortas durante o transporte, condições de trafegabilidade e distância percorrida. Também foi identificada a quantidade de lesões como arranhaduras e abscessos, contusões e fraturas foram acompanhadas durante o processamento da carga, no Departamento de Inspeção Final (DIF). As variáveis analisadas não tiveram influência na mortalidade ou na quantidade/tipo de lesão encontrada durante o processamento do abate das aves. Tendo em vista estes resultados, confirma-se o fato de que, além do transporte, o manejo na granja e a recepção na plataforma influem de modo significativo no aparecimento das lesões por contusões e fraturas, indicando prejuízo ao bem estar das aves.
